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Lei Feng

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Lei Fang, Fang Lei, or Fan Lei.

Lei Feng
雷锋
Lei c. 1960s
Born(1940-12-18)18 December 1940
Republic of ChinaHunan ProvinceWangcheng CountyAnqing Township
（Now the People's Republic of ChinaHunan ProvinceChangsha CityWangcheng, ChangshaLeifeng Subdistrict）
Died15 August 1962(1962-08-15) (aged 21)
Fushun, Liaoning, China
Cause of deathWork accident
OccupationSoldier
Political partyChinese Communist Party
RelativesFather：Lei Mingliang
Mother：Zhang Yuanman
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese雷锋
Traditional Chinese雷鋒
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLéi Fēng
Wade–GilesLei2 Feng1
IPA[lěɪ fə́ŋ]

Lei Feng[i] (18 December 1940 – 15 August 1962), Original name Lei Zhengxing, was a soldier in the People's Liberation Army who was the object of several major propaganda campaigns in China. The most well-known of these campaigns in 1963 promoted the slogan "Follow the examples of Comrade Lei Feng."[1] Lei was portrayed as a model citizen, and the masses were encouraged to emulate his selflessness, modesty, and devotion to Mao Zedong. In the following years,Lei Feng was portrayed as a symbol and model of party revolution by the Chinese Communist Party and Government of China.For decades, he promoted the "Learn from Lei Feng as a Model" in the media.[2] Political ideology closely follows the Chinese Communist Party, actively helping others in work and daily life, practicing frugality and thrift, and upholding the socialist spirit of“Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno”which is known as the Lei Feng spirit.[3][4][5][6] After Mao's death, Chinese state media continued to promote Lei Feng as a model of earnestness and service, and his image still appears in popular forms such as on T-shirts and memorabilia.[7]

The biographic details of Lei Feng's life, and especially his diary, supposedly discovered after his death, are generally believed to be propaganda creations; even the historicity of Lei Feng himself is sometimes questioned.[8][9] The continuing use of Lei in government propaganda has become a source of cynicism and even derision amongst segments of the Chinese population.[10] Nevertheless, Lei's function as a propaganda icon has survived decades of political change in China.[11]

Family

[edit]
Lei Feng as a young man

The current biography of Lei Feng as given in China's state media says that he was born in Wangcheng (near the town of Leifeng, Changsha, Hunan, named in his honour). According to CNTV, Lei lost all of his family before the establishment of the People's Republic, becoming an orphan. His father died when he was just five (killed by the invading Japanese Army),[12] his elder brother, who was exploited as a child labourer, died a year later, and his younger brother passed soon afterward. Finally, his mother died by suicide after being "dishonored by a landlord."[13]

Lei Feng speaking at the Communist League conference in February 1962, months before his death

Life

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In hometown

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Lei Feng's original name was "Lei Zhengxing," and his nickname was "Geng Yizi"（Changsha dialect）until he began working at the Anshan Iron and Steel Plant （Ansteel Group）.[14] Joined the Children's Corps in 1949 and served as its leader.Joined theYoung Pioneers of Chinain 1954.In early 1956, Lei Feng worked as a Communicator，officer in the township government before being transferred to Wangcheng, Changsha to serve as a civil servant.[a]It was also the first time Lei Feng was recognized as a work model.On February 8, 1957, he joined theCommunist Youth League of China，and later participated in the construction of the Nvshui Project and Tianshanhu Farm. As a tractor operator, he was repeatedly named a Model workerand an advanced producer.

At Angang Steel

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In the autumn of 1958,Anshan Iron and Steel Grouprecruited workers in Changsha, Hunan Province. Lei Feng was recommended and joined the Angang Mining Company's Gongchangling Iron Mine as a bulldozer operator.Multiple communication articles about Lei Feng's exemplary deeds have been published in theAnshan Dailyand the Mining Daily.

In early November 1959, Lei Feng signed up for conscription at the Wu Department of the Bow Changling Iron Mine. The mine has a large number of young workers, and the number of applicants far exceeds the application amount. Consequently, Lei Feng was eliminated among the first batch due to his shorter stature. On the morning of November 8, 1959, Lei Feng approached Major Yu Xinyuan, who was then the Political Commissar of Liaoyang City's Military Service Bureau and the Director of the City Recruitment Office, and requested to join the military. Yu Xinyuan asked Lei Feng, "Do you want to join the military? Would your family be willing?" Just finished asking, Lei Feng cried: "I don't have any family anymore." Lei Feng told Yu Xinyuan about how his family was persecuted to death during the Republic of Chinaperiod.After this in-depth discussion, Yu Xinyuan no longer spoke about sending Lei Feng back, but instead spared no effort to help him enter the military camp. Yu Xinyuan believes that Lei Feng's qualities are excellent, and he approached the First Political Commissar of Liaoyang City and the Party Secretary of Liaoyang City [Cao Qi] three times to provide a detailed account of Lei Feng's situation, hoping to send him into military service. Secretary Cao Qi was moved by Lei Feng's experiences and aspirations, believing that "political qualifications are more precious than physical ones, and it might be worth considering sending him to serve in the military."[16]

Lei Feng was 154 cm tall and weighed less than 55 kilograms at the time. Yu Xinyuan found the hospital president who was conscripted for a medical examination and said, "Lei Feng is an active follower of Mao, politically tough, an orphan himself, and his health isn't a major issue. He's shortfall caused by the old society."What's wrong with sending him to the military for some exercise at this university? " Yu Xinyuan actively recommended it to the receiving units. New Recruit Battalion Commander Jing Wuxian stated that failing to meet the physical standards is absolutely unacceptable, and new recruit Camp instructor Li Hengji said, "Such a good young person can be considered."Yu Xinyuan suggested including Lei Feng in 8% of the reserve force, initially as a temporary correspondent for the new recruit battalion who does not wear military uniforms. On January 2, 1960, Lei Feng arrived at the temporary base of the new recruit camp at Nanlinzi Agricultural and Work School in Liaoyang to assist with his work. Working as a plainclothes correspondent for six or seven days, I performed exceptionally well and achieved notable results in my work.At this point, it was no longer a physical issue that had stalled Lei Feng's enlistment; instead, the security department at his workplace, Gongchangling Iron Mine, failed to issue a political review form when Lei Feng entered the factory in 1958. The real reason was that the party secretary did not want him to leave.On the evening of January 7, 1960, Dai Mingzhang, a military staff officer at the new recruit camp, contacted the Yingkou battalion headquarters via long-distance telephone and directly reported to Commander Wu Haishan about Lei Feng's situation, suggesting that he join the military. Company Commander Wu Haishan agreed. On January 8, 1960, Lei Feng boarded a vehicle at Liaoyang Railway Station as a new recruit (reserve) and arrived at the battalion headquarters on the same day.[16]

In the military

[edit]
Lei Feng poses for a photo with the "Liberation" brand car.

On January 8, 1960, Lei Feng participated in the 10th Regiment of the People's Liberation Army Engineering Corpsin Shenyang Military Region.Following the tradition from back then, Lei Feng had already worked as a tractor and bulldozer operator at Tianshan Lake Farm in Wangcheng County, Hunan Province, and at the Anshan Iron and Steel Company's chemical plant and Gongchangling Iron Mine. He should be assigned to the Technical Company of the Engineering Corps.The technical company is equipped with bulldozers, scrapers, trench plows, and other construction machinery. A new recruit like Lei Feng, who has mastered bulldozer operation techniques, can be a skilled operator without specialized training and directly work in the roles of veteran technicians.But with the consent of the battalion commander and the battalion political commissar, Dai Mingzhang suggested cultivating Lei Feng as the next driver for the battalion's only small vehicle—a outdated GAZ-67 jeep—and assigning him to the fourth class of the battalion's direct transport company as a car soldier.[17] Lei Feng joined the Communist Party of China on November 8, 1960, and was later elected as a People's Representative of Fushun City.

On February 18, 1962, Lei Feng attended the first Communist Youth League Congress of the former Shenyang Military Region as an invited representative and delivered a speech as a typical young person.

On August 15, 1962, Lei Feng was struck on the head by a wooden pole under the rebound of wire while driving forward at the base camp of the 10th Engineering Regiment in LiaoningFushunWanghua District的Shenyang Military Regionand was subsequently taken to Fushun West Hospital.After medical treatment, Lei Feng died at the age of 21 after being struck by a wooden pole in the right temple of his head, resulting in a fracture of the Skull and Intracerebral hemorrhage. [18] [19] [20]Over two years and eight months in the military, I earned second-class and third-class honors twice, and was commended by the unit multiple times.

funeral arrangements

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At 2:30 PM on August 17, 1962, a "Public Tribute to Comrade Lei Feng" was held in the Wanghua District Committee Auditorium of Fushun City.At 5:20, Lei Feng's coffin was transported to the Xinfu District, Fushuncemetery in Fushun, amidst mournful music.Lei Feng's coffin was placed in a brick coffin room more than a meter deep underground, with a 2.5-meter diameter sunflower-shaped dome-shaped concrete tomb on the ground. Later, at the request of the people of Wanghua District, a district people's representative made a request to move Lei Feng's tomb to the Fushun municipal government in June 1963.The Wanghua District government has decided to use 60% of the area of Wanghua Park,the only park in the region (which was later renamed Lei Feng Park) for the construction of Lei Feng Tomb and Lei Feng Memorial Hall。


[edit]
Lei Feng, Chinese poster by Qiu Wei (丘玮). Caption reads: "Follow Lei Feng's example; love the Party, love Socialism, love the people".

Lei Feng was not widely known until after his death. In 1963, Lei Feng's Diary was first presented to the public by Lin Biao in the first of many "Learn from Lei Feng" campaigns.[21] The diary was full of accounts of Lei's admiration for Mao Zedong, his selfless deeds, and his desire to foment revolutionary spirit. Famously, he pledged that his only ambition was "to be a rustless screw" in the revolutionary cause.[9] Lin's use of Lei's diary was part of a larger effort to improve Mao's image, which had suffered after the Great Leap Forward.[22] To reverse some of the negative tendencies that emerged during the Great Chinese Famineperiod, Director Guo from the Political Department of Shenyang Military Region's Engineering Corps led Lei Feng on a tour of various units to report on hardships. In November of the same year, Lei Feng was designated as a "Model for Learning Mao Zedong's Works" by the Shenyang Military Region.[23]He believes that Mao Zedong's writings are to me like food and weapons, like the steering wheel in a car. People cannot survive without eating, warfare without weapons, driving without steering wheels, or engaging in revolution without learning from Chairman Mao's writings![24]"We must ensure that Chairman Mao's brilliant ideas take root in my mind and bear fruit in all my practical actions."[25]The diary entry from April 29, 1961 stated, "To study Chairman Mao's works, one must learn about Chairman Mao's stance, views, and methods." "Focus on practical issues and follow Chairman Mao's instructions." Western scholars generally believe that the diary was forged by Party officials under Lin's direction.[9][21]

The diary contains about 200,000 words describing selfless thoughts with enthusiastic comments on Mao and the inspiring nature of the Party.[26] The campaign began at a time when the Chinese economy was recovering from the Great Leap Forward campaign. In 1964 the Lei Feng campaign shifted gradually from doing good deeds to a cult of Mao.

When Lei Feng died in the line of duty, he was only 22, but his short life gives concentrated expression to the noble ideals of a new people, nurtured with the communist spirit, and also to the noble moral integrity and values of the Chinese people in the new period. These are firm faith in communist ideals, political warmheartedness for the party and the socialist cause, the revolutionary will to work arduously for self-improvement, the moral quality and self-cultivation of showing fraternal unity and taking pleasure in assisting others, the heroic spirit of being ready to take up cudgels for a just cause without caring for one's safety, the attitude of seeking advancement and studying hard, and the genuine spirit of matching words with deeds and enthusiastically carrying out one's duties.

— Editorial, People's Daily, 5 March 1993[27]

Chinese leaders have praised Lei Feng as the personification of altruism. Leaders who have written about Lei Feng include Deng Xiaoping, Zhou Enlai, and Jiang Zemin. His cultural importance is still reproduced and reinforced by the media and cultural apparatus of the Chinese party-state, including emphasizing the importance of moral character during Mao's era. Lei Feng's prominence in school textbooks has since declined, although he remains part of the national curriculum. The phrase huó Léi Fēng (活雷锋; lit. "living Lei Feng") has become a noun (or adjective) for anyone who is seen as selfless, or anyone who goes out of their way to help others.[citation needed]

The CCP's construction of Lei Feng as a celebrity soldier is unique to the PRC and differs from the more typical creation of military heroes by governments during times of war. In the PRC, Lei Feng was part of continuing public promotion of soldiers as exemplary models, and evidence of the People's Liberation Army's role as social and political support to the Communist government.[11]

Historicity

[edit]

Details of Lei Feng's life have been subject to dispute. While someone named Lei Feng may have existed, scholars generally believe the person depicted in the campaign was almost certainly a fabrication.[8][9][21] Some observers noted, for instance, that the campaign presented a collection of twelve photographs of Lei Feng performing good deeds. The photographs were of exceptionally high professional quality, and depicted Lei—supposedly an obscure and unknown young man—engaging in mundane tasks.[8][28]

The lauded details of Lei Feng's life according to official documents led him to become a subject of derision and cynicism among segments of the Chinese populace.[8][28] As John Fraser recalled, "Any Chinese I ever spoke to outside of official occasions always snorted about Lei Feng."[8]

A 2008 Xinhua survey noted that a large number of elementary school students have vague knowledge of Lei Feng's life, and that 32 percent of the surveyed have read Lei's diary.[29]

Learning from Lei Feng Activities

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Hunan Changsha Wangcheng District Lei Feng Memorial Hall
The slogan outside the dormitory atGuancheng Middle Schoolin Cixi, Zhejiang, reads: "Giving roses leaves a lingering fragrance in my hands; learning from Lei Feng helps me grow."

the purpose

[edit]

Studying Lei Feng is a political education activity vigorously promoted by the People's Republic of China and the Communist Party of China, part of Marxist-Leninist Mao Zedong Thought Education, Party Knowledge Education, and Communist Moral Education.[30] The goal is to strengthen the protection of its core authority by cultivating the military,[31]Boy Scouts, [32]Communist Youth League,[33]Communist Party members, cadres, and even the entire nation.[34] This is closely related to loving the Party, the People, and socialism ("three loves").

Contemporary cultural importance

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A bust of Lei Feng in Beijing, China, 2019

5 March has become the official "Learn from Lei Feng Day" (Chinese: 学雷锋日; pinyin: Xué Léi Fēng Rì). This day involves various community and school events where people go to clean up parks, schools, and other community locations. Local news on that day usually has footage from these events.[35]

Lei Feng is especially honoured in Changsha, Hunan, and in Fushun, Liaoning. The Lei Feng Memorial Hall (in his birthplace, now named for him, Leifeng) and Lei Feng statue are located in Changsha. The local hospital carries his name. There is also a Lei Feng Memorial Hall, with a museum, in Fushun. Lei Feng's military unit was based in Fushun, where he died. His tomb is located on the memorial grounds. To commemorate Lei Feng, the city of Fushun named several landmarks in honor of him. There is a Lei Feng Road, a Lei Feng Elementary School, a Lei Feng Middle School and a Leifeng bank office.[citation needed]

There is a common misconception that Lei Feng was well known in the US and honored at West Point. The myth has been traced to a 1981 April Fool's Day article that Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Zhurun mistook for a real article. Li issued a retraction in 2015.[36][37]

Lei Feng's tomb [zh]

Lei Feng's story continues to be referenced in popular culture. A popular song by Jilin singer Xue Cun (雪村) is called "All Northeasterners are Living Lei Fengs" (Chinese: 东北人都是活雷锋; pinyin: Dōngběi Rén Dōu Shì Huó Léifēng).[ii] A 1995 release,[citation needed] originally notable only for its use of Northeastern Mandarin, it shot to nationwide fame when it was combined with kitsch animations on the Internet in 2001.[38] In March 2006, a Chinese organization released an online game titled Learn from Lei Feng Online (学雷锋) in which the player has to do good deeds, fight spies, and collect parts of Mao Zedong's collection. If the player wins, he or she gets to meet Chairman Mao in the game.[39] In the 21st century his image has been used to sell items including, in one case, condom packaging.[40]

By the 2010s, interest in Lei Feng had devolved into kitsch, with his face still commonly appearing on t-shirts, stickers, and posters, but interest in his life story and diary minimal, as ticket sales to feature-length biographical films, Young Lei Feng, Lei Feng’s Smile and Lei Feng 1959, released on Learn from Lei Feng Day, failed to produce any takers at all in some cities. Reportedly, party cadres in rural areas have been charged by the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television with organizing group viewings.[41]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ In this Chinese name, the family name is Lei (雷).
  2. ^ Lusby gives "Dōngběi Rén Dāng Huó Léifēng" (东北人当活雷锋) which is less commonly used than "Dōngběi Rén Dōu Shì Huó Léifēng" (东北人都是活雷锋).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ In Chinese, 向雷锋同志学习.
  2. ^ "孩子如何"學雷鋒"？大人犯難" [How Should Children "Learn from Lei Feng"? Adults Are Troubled]. Dalian Evening News (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 3 March 2008. Archived from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  3. ^ "早逝雷鋒 大陸一整代模範" [The Early Death of Lei Feng: A Role Model for a Generation in Mainland China]. United Daily News (in Chinese). United Daily News. 5 April 2009. Archived from the original on 8 April 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  4. ^ Shi Yonggang and Liu Qiongxiong (1 March 2006). 雷鋒 1940–1962 [Lei Feng 1940–1962] (in Chinese). SDX Joint Publishing Company. ISBN 9787108024367. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  5. ^ David, the Blogmaster (29 December 2016). "【中國評論】兩岸大不同。誰是雷鋒？" [[China Commentary] Big Differences Across the Taiwan Strait: Who Is Lei Feng?]. Taiwan People's Shanghai Fantasia (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  6. ^ "雷鋒精神（大陸地區）" [Spirit of Lei Feng (Mainland China)]. National Academy for Educational Research (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  7. ^ Yan Yunxiang: The Individual and the Transformation of Bridewealth in Rural North China, Department of Anthropology, University of California.
  8. ^ a b c d e John Fraser, The Chinese: portrait of a people (William Collins & Sons, 1980): "Lei Feng is an invention of the propaganda department. Perhaps there was someone once, even with the same name, who actually existed and did good deeds...But the Lei Feng all Chinese people know stretches credulity to special dimensions."
  9. ^ a b c d Nicholas John Cull et al., Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, (ABC-CLIO, 2003), ISBN 1576078205. Quote: "Lei Feng, a soldier whose diary was alleged to have been found posthumously, was touted by the party as a model citizen; his diary—almost certainly concocted by party propagandists—is filled with praise of Mao and accounts of Lei Feng's efforts to inspire revolutionary zeal among his comrades".
  10. ^ Fraser, p 100. Quote: "Lei Feng...is also a laughingstock among many Chinese youths, for the simplest of reasons: he never existed, at least not in the form served up by the Party".
  11. ^ a b Edwards, Louise (2010). "Military Celebrity in China: The Evolution of 'Heroic and Model Servicemen'*". Celebrity in China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 21–43. doi:10.5790/hongkong/9789622090873.003.0002. ISBN 978-962-209-087-3.
  12. ^ Chi-Yue Chiu and Ying-Yi Hong, Social Psychology of Culture, Psychology Press (2006), ISBN 978-1-84169-086-5, p. 236
  13. ^ "The Legacy of Lei Feng: Part I CCTV News – CNTV English". 9 March 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  14. ^ "Septuagenarian Recalls Young Lei Feng as Mischievous". Beijing Evening News (in Chinese). Sina.com.cn. 23 February 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ Wang, Xiaoqi (2012). The Chinese Bureaucracy in the Reform Era. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 9781136328196. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  16. ^ a b 郭俊奎 (2 March 2012). "Yu Xinyuan's Insight Recognized Lei Feng". People's Daily – Party History Channel (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  17. ^ Dai, Mingzhang (27 February 2003). "Recalling Lei Feng's Enlistment". China Court (中国法院网) (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  18. ^ "Chinese Treasure Spirit of Lei Feng". En.invest.china.cn. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  19. ^ "Solving the Mystery: Military Forensics Expert Reveals the Truth Behind Lei Feng's Death (解开谜团，军方鉴定人首次披露雷锋死亡真相)". Yangcheng Evening News (金羊网) (in Chinese). 24 February 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  20. ^ Sun Jiayue, ed. (7 March 2005). "Reporter Interviews Former Forensic Expert: The Truth About How Lei Feng Died (记者寻访当年"法医" 雷锋是这样牺牲的)". Xinhua News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2005.
  21. ^ a b c Tanner, Harold Miles. China: A History. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company. 2009. ISBN 978-0-87220-915-2. p.522. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  22. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1999. ISBN 0-393-97351-4. p. 566.
  23. ^ "The "Study Mao's Works" Campaign and Its Four Model Figures ("学毛著"运动及四大标杆)". Weizhouping's Blog (weizhouping.blshe.com) (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  24. ^ "Lei Feng's Famous "Six Discourses" (雷锋著名的"六论")". People's Daily Online – Theory Section (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  25. ^ "Why Does the Spirit of Lei Feng Have Enduring Appeal? (为什么雷锋精神具有永恒的魅力？)". People's Daily Online – Theory Section (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  26. ^ Osaarchivum.org Archived 14 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ "Living Revolution: Lei Feng Readings". Morning Sun: A film and website about Cultural Revolution. Long Bow Group, Inc. c. 2003. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  28. ^ a b Jacobs, Andrew (5 March 2012). "Chinese Heroism Effort Is Met With Cynicism". The New York Times. p. A7. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  29. ^ "一小学九成学生不了解雷锋事迹 教师称很无奈". 今日早報. 新華網. 5 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  30. ^ "Moral Character and Ideals in Communist Education (共产主义道德品质及理想教育)". Shandong Government Information Database (sd.infobase.gov.cn) (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  31. ^ "Member of the Central Military Commission: Uphold the Spirit of Lei Feng to Shape and Train Soldiers (中央軍委委員、解放軍總政治部主任：堅持用雷鋒精神培養塑造官兵)". People's Daily Online – Theory Section (Traditional Chinese) (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  32. ^ "Minister of Education: Actively Innovate and Promote Lei Feng Study Campaigns in Schools (教育部部長、黨組書記：積極創新推進學校學雷鋒活動)". People's Daily Online – Theory Section (Traditional Chinese) (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  33. ^ "First Secretary of the Communist Youth League: Deepen the Lei Feng Study Campaign Among Youth (共青團中央書記處第一書記：在青少年中深入開展學雷鋒)". People's Daily Online – Theory Section (Traditional Chinese) (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  34. ^ "Nationwide Campaign to Learn from Lei Feng (全国开展学习雷锋活动)". People's Daily Online – CPC Channel (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  35. ^ Martinsen, Joel. "Lei Feng heritage for the whole world". Danwei.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  36. ^ "April Fooled: No, Chinese Communist Icon Lei Feng Is Not Loved by the U.S. Military". The Wall Street Journal. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  37. ^ "Chinese Communist hero Lei Feng not beloved by US cadets after all". Yahoo! Sports. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  38. ^ Jo Lusby (4 December 2006). "A Man for the Northeast: Sudden pop star Xue Cun and his meteoric (animated) rise to fame". City Weekend.
  39. ^ "Xinhua – English". Xinhua News Agency. 16 March 2006. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017.
  40. ^ Mitchell, Justin (8 November 2006). "Comrade Condom". Asia Sentinel. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  41. ^ Levin, Dan (11 March 2013). "In China, Cinematic Flops Suggest Fading of an Icon". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 March 2013.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Edwards, L. (2010). "Military Celebrity in China: The Evolution of 'Heroic and Model Servicemen'". In Jeffreys, Elaine & Edwards, Louise (eds.), Celebrity in China, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong pp. 21–44. ISBN 962-209-088-5.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lei Feng.


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